Monday, May 30, 2016

King James Filmography

On screen, James has been portrayed by:

Queen Elizabeth First Filmography




Queen Elizabeth I Filmography:


Movies and Television Series about Queen Elizabeth I:

production photo

The Golden Age  (2007)

Directed by Shekhar Kapur
Writing credits Michael Hirst and William Nicholson

Features a fictional relationship between Elizabeth I and Sir Walter Ralegh.

Cate Blanchett returns to her Oscar-winning part as Queen Elizabeth, Geoffrey Rush as Sir Francis Walsingham, Clive Owen as Sir Walter Ralegh, and Samantha Morton as Mary Queen of Scots.

Official Website at Working Title Films
Movie Listing on IMDb
movie poster

Elizabeth I  (2005) (TV)

Directed by Tom Hooper
Writing credits Nigel Williams
HBO Films miniseries for television. Covers the end of the Leicester years, Elizabeth's courtship with Anjou, and her relationship with Essex.

Stars Helen Mirren as Elizabeth, Jeremy Irons as Leicester.

Official Website at HBO Films
Movie Listing on IMDb
DVD on Amazon.com

HBO Films' Elizabeth I clips (2005)
Clips of Elizabeth I (2005)

movie poster

The Virgin Queen  (2005) (TV)

Directed by Tom Hooper
Writing credits Nigel Williams
BBC miniseries for television. Covers Elizabeth's whole life.

Stars Anne-Marie Duff as Elizabeth, Ian Hart as Burghley, Tom Hardy as Leicester.

Official Website at BBC
Trailer at PBS
Movie Listing on IMDb
DVD on Amazon.com

DVD Cover

Elizabeth Rex  (2003) (TV PLAY)

Directed by Barbara Willis Sweete
Writing credits Timothy Findley (play)
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) televised performance of Findley's play.

Diane D'Aquila as Queen Elizabeth.

Movie Listing on IMDb
Available at CBC shop

movie poster

Gloriana  (2000) (TV)

Directed by
Writers: Lytton Strachey (book) William Plomer (libretto)

A televised production of the opera by Benjamin Britten.
Starring Josephine Barstow as Elizabeth.

Movie Listing on IMDb
VHS on Amazon.com

DVD Cover

Elizabeth  (2000) (TV DOC)

Directed by Steven Clarke and Mark Fielder
A History Channel documentary.
Presented by Elizabethan scholar David Starkey.

Movie Listing on IMDb
DVD on Amazon UK

 Cover

The Royal Diaries: Elizabeth I
Red Rose of the House of Tudor  (2000) (VIDEO)

Writing credits Kathryn Lasky (book)

A 30-minute video for young viewers, based on Lasky's fictionalized account of the childhood of Queen Elizabeth I.

Starring Tamara Hope as Princess Elizabeth.

Movie Listing on IMDb
VHS on Amazon
VHS from Scholastic

DVD Cover
Biography: Elizabeth I  (1999) (TV DOC)

A documentary produced as part of A&E biography series for television.

Hosted by David Janssen.
DVD on A&E TV Shop
DVD on Amazon


movie poster

Elizabeth  (1998)

Directed by Shekhar Kapur
Writing credits Michael Hirst

Focusing on the early years of Elizabeth's Reign. Starring Cate Blanchett as Queen Elizabeth, Joseph Fiennes as Robert Dudley, and Geoffrey Rush as Sir Francis Walsingham.

Movie Trailer at IMDb
Movie Listing on IMDb
DVD on Amazon.com

The beginning of the movie Elizabeth (1998)
Clips of Cate Blanchett as Elizabeth (1998)

Video Cover

Gloriana  (1984) (TV OPERA)

Directed by Derek Bailey
Writers: Lytton Strachey (book) William Plomer (libretto)

A Televised production of the opera by Benjamin Britten, performed by the Royal Opera House (Covent Garden). Starring Sarah Walker as Elizabeth.

Movie Listing on IMDb
VHS on Amazon.com

DVD Cover

Elizabeth R  (1971) (TV)

Directed by Roderick Graham and Richard Martin
Writing credits John Hale and Julian Mitchell

A 6-part BBC miniseries.

Starring Glenda Jackson as Elizabeth.

Movie Listing on IMDb
DVD on Amazon.com

DVD Cover

Elizabeth the Queen  (1968) (TV PLAY)

Directed by George Schaefer
Maxwell Anderson's (play), John Edward Friend, adaptation
TV Movie adaptation of Maxwell Anderson's play.

Judith Anderson as Queen Elizabeth and Charlton Heston as Robert Devereaux, Earl of Essex.
Movie Listing on IMDb

DVD Cover

The Virgin Queen  (1955)

Directed by Henry Koster
Writing credits Harry Brown (story) and Mildred Lord

Historical drama about Elizabeth's relationship with Ralegh.

Starring Bette Davis as Elizabeth, Richard Todd as Raleigh and Joan Collins as Elizabeth Throckmorton.

Movie Listing on IMDb
VHS on Amazon.com

movie poster

Young Bess  (1953)

Directed by George Sidney
Writing credits Margaret Irwin (novel) and Jan Lustig

A fictional dramatisation of Elizabeth's years as princess. Starring Jean Simmons as Princess Elizabeth, Stewart Grainger as Thomas Seymour, Deborah Kerr as Queen Catharine Parr and Charles Laughton as King Henry VIII.

Movie Listing on IMDb
VHS on Amazon.com

Movie Poster

The Sea Hawk  (1940)

Directed by Michael Curtiz
Writing credits Howard Koch and Seton Miller

A swashbuckling film about an englishman turned pirate during the heyday of the Armada.

Starring Flora Robson as Elizabeth and Errol Flynn as her buccaneer.

Movie Listing on IMDb
DVD on Amazon.com

Movie Poster

The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex  (1939)
Directed by Michael Curtiz
Written by Maxwell Anderson (play) and Norman Reilly Raine

Adaptation of Anderson's play about the love affair between Elizabeth and Essex.

Starring Bette Davis as Elizabeth and Errol Flynn as Essex, Olivia de Havilland as Lady Penelope Gray, Donald Crisp as Sir Francis Bacon, Vincent Price as Ralegh.

Movie Listing on IMDb
DVD on Amazon.com

Movie Poster

Fire Over England  (1937)

Directed by William K. Howard
Writing credits A.E.W. Mason (novel) and Clemence Dane

British film about England's tensions with Philip II of Spain, and the fight with the Armada.

Starring Flora Robson as Elizabeth I, Lawrence Olivier as one of Elizabeth's spies, and Vivien Leigh as a beautiful lady-in-waiting.

Movie Listing on IMDb
DVD on Amazon.com

Lady Diana Manners

The Virgin Queen  (1923)
Directed by J. Stuart Blackton
Writing credits Harry Pirie Gordon

British silent film.

Starring Lady Diana Manners as Elizabeth I.

Movie Listing on IMDb

Sarah Bernhardt as Elizabeth

Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth  (1912)
(Queen Elizabeth, US title)

Directed by Henri Desfontaines and Louis Mercanton
Writing credits Emile Moreau (play)

French silent film about Elizabeth's affair with Essex.

Starring Sarah Bernhardt as Elizabeth.

Synopsis of the film - WetCanvas
Movie Listing on IMDb



Movies and television shows featuring Queen Elizabeth I as a character:
movie poster

Shakespeare in Love  (1998)

Directed by John Madden
Writing credits Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard

Fictional account of William Shakespeare, the writing of his "Romeo and Juliet" and the birth of "Twelfth Night." Queen Elizabeth as a supporting, but pivotal, character.

Starring Dame Judi Dench as an older Queen Elizabeth,
Joseph Fiennes as Shakespeare, and Gwyneth Paltrow as Viola.

Movie Trailers at IMDb
Movie Listing on IMDb
DVD on Amazon.com
movie poster

Orlando  (1992)

Directed by Sally Potter
Writing credits Virginia Woolf (book) and Sally Potter

The story of a young nobleman who is ordered by Queen Elizabeth to stay young forever.

Starring Tilda Swinton as Orlando, Quentin Crisp as Elizabeth.

Movie Trailers at IMDb
Movie Listing on IMDb
DVD on Amazon.com
Photo from the show

Black Adder II  (1986) (TV)
Directed by Mandie Fletcher
Writing credits Richard Curtis and Ben Elton

The second season of the British TV comedy series, set in Elizabethan England.

Starring Miranda Richardson as Queen Elizabeth, and Rowan Atkinson as fictional Lord Edmund Black Adder

Movie Listing on IMDb
DVD on Amazon.com Miranda Richardson as Elizabeth in Blackadder II


images from film

Il Dominatore dei sette mari  (1962)
(Seven Seas to Calais, US title)

Directed by Rudolph Mate and Primo Zeglio
Writing credits Filippo Sanjust

An Italian adventure film about the exploits of Sir Francis Drake. Queen Elizabeth as a minor character. Starring Rod Taylor as Drake and Irene Worth as Elizabeth.

Movie Listing on IMDb

Movie Poster

The Story of Mankind  (1954)

Directed by Irwin Allen
Writing credits Henrik Van Loon (novel)
Irwin Allen and Charles Bennet (screenplay)

A scifi film where aliens try to decide whether humans should be allowed to survive or no. Features episodes of human history.

Agnes Moorehead as Queen Elizabeth.

Movie Listing on IMDb

Kenilworth Castle

Kenilworth  (1954) (TV)


Writing credits Vincent Tilsley

British 6-part miniseries.

Maxine Audley as Queen Elizabeth.

Movie Listing on IMDb

Photo from the show

Mary of Scotland  (1936)
Directed by John Ford
Writing credits Maxwell Anderson (play) and Dudley Nichols

The dramatized story of Mary Queen of Scots.

Starring Katharine Hepburn as Mary Queen of Scots and Florence Eldridge as Queen Elizabeth

Movie Listing on IMDb
DVD on Amazon.com

Photo from the film

Drake of England  (1935)
Directed by Arthur B. Woods
Writing credits Marjorie Deans and Clifford Grey

A pirate film about Sir Francis Drake.

Starring Matheson Lang as Drake and Athene Seyler as Queen Elizabeth.

Movie Listing on IMDb

Shakespeare Filmography


10. The Tempest (2010)
Among the visualisations of the island-exiled magician Prospero, I struggled to separate two finalists. In his magnificently wacky 1979 punk version, Derek Jarman applied casting (poet Heathcote Williams, singer Toyah Willcox) and soundtrack (Stormy Weather) unlikely to be found at the National Theatre, at least at that time. In contrast, Taymor made only one radical alteration for the 2010 version – Prospero becoming Prospera, played by Helen Mirren – otherwise offering a classically well-spoken and artily filmed account of the play which showcases Mirren’s vocal colours and Taymor’s visual panache and places it above the director’s other Shakespeare-based works, Titus (1999) and A Midsummer Night’s Dream (2014).

9. Othello (2001)
With the screen portrayals of the persecuted moor of Venice by Olivier (1965), Welles (1952) and Anthony Hopkins (1981), all disqualified by my law against cosmetic assistance, the bench-mark for naturalistic Othellos was Laurence Fishburne, opposite Kenneth Branagh as the scheming lieutenant Iago, in Oliver Parker’s Othello (1995). But, while that is the strongest account of the recognised text, the themes and implications of the play are most powerfully expressed for me in two modern-day updates both first seen in 2001: the Hollywood teen-flick O, which shifts the action to a high-school basketball team, and an adaptation made for ITV television under the original title, scripted by Andrew Davies. In the latter, Commander Othello is the first black leader of the London police force and Iago the frustrated deputy who connives against the boss and his wife, Desdemona. Powerfully acted by Eamonn Walker, Christopher Eccleston and Keeley Hawes, this is the Othello that most makes the play live for today.



3. Henry V (1944)
You’ve got to have one Laurence Olivier in any Shakespeare list, so it’s this grand, experimental take on Henry V. Made toward the end of World War II it was intended as a rousing rush of patriotism and support for ‘our boys’, and is very successful as such. The shift between stage and ‘real life’ settings works superbly and there’s no better delivery of the St Crispin’s Day speech.

8. Much Ado About Nothing (1993)
An explosion of loviness, with Kenneth Branagh, Emma Thompson, Kate Beckinsale, Richard Briers, Imelda Staunton and other posh people making up the British side of this comedy of mistaken identities and suppressed affections. On the American side, Michael Keaton is superb as the bumbling Dogberry, while Denzel Washington makes a dashing prince. You suspect that Keanu Reeves, as the villain of the piece, might be there mostly for star power, bless him.


9. Much Ado About Nothing (2012)
Joss Whedon’s follow-up to The Avengers couldn’t have been smaller. It’s a black-and-white version of Much Ado About Nothing, shot in his house and starring various friends from the Whedonverse. And it’s a brisk adaptation that is much funnier than most. Amy Acker is particularly good as Beatrice, pratfalling and wisecracking like a 1940s screwball heroine. Less lavish than Kenneth Branagh's but no less well done. A perfect entry point for people who think they hate Shakespeare.

10. Love’s Labour’s Lost (2000)
Not a perfect adaptation by any means, but one with plenty of ambition. Kenneth Branagh, yet again – he loves a bit of Shakespeare, does Ken – imagines the story of four friends who swear off love as an old Hollywood musical, with a variety of George Gershwin and Cole Porter songs whacked in among all the iambic pentameter. When it works it’s thoroughly charming; when it doesn’t it’s at least trying very hard.

4. Hamlet (1996)
There are several arguments for the best screen Hamlet. There’s probably quite a big crowd screaming for the Laurence Olivier 1948 version, which won a Best Picture Oscar but is rather stagey and simplifies the play. There are probably even people fighting the corner for Franco Zeffirelli’s Mel Gibson-starring version. Kenneth Branagh’s take, though, is surely definitive if only for including every word of the play (oddly, Branagh was nominated for a Best Adapted Screenplay Oscar for not adapting the play). It’s impeccably played by an astonishing cast and rummages in both the political and psychological depths of the play. Also, it looks absolutely stunning.


8. Julius Caesar (1953)
US actors often draw a blank with iambic pentameters (with the recent exception of Kevin Spacey on stage) but Marlon Brando, in the days when he was still taking acting seriously, is an impressive Mark Antony in Joseph Mankiewicz’s vision of the Shakespeare work that has always spoken powerfully to the US, thanks to that country’s history of assassinations. A bonus is that the cast also includes John Gielgud as Cassius and James Mason as Brutus.


7. Chimes at Midnight (1965)
Although vulnerable to a stewards’ inquiry from purists on the grounds that it is not a Shakespeare play as such, Orson Welles’s anthology of scenes from four plays featuring Sir John Falstaff, with himself as the gluttonous knight, achieves the unlikely paradox of being a scholarly romp. It just edges, in the specialised category of history play mashups, The Hollow Crown (2012), the BBC’s medley of the Henries and Richards, with Simon Russell Beale a tremendous Falstaff.


5. Macbeth (2015)
In answer to the Telegraph question: not, in my opinion, the best filmed Shakespeare ever, but impressively straight in at No 5 on release. While the war sequences nod vigorously (as with No 6) to the blood-thirsty younger audience, director Justin Kurzel also intelligently develops themes in the text of bereavement, trauma and faith, although relocating several interior scenes outdoors in order to show off the Scottish landscape. Michael Fassbender’s Macbeth achieves the perfect combination of clout and doubt, while Marion Cotillard is clear and moving despite the decision to downgrade the role of Lady Macbeth, possibly from a misguided fear of perpetuating a stereotype of the controlling wife. Though last to the party, this account easily takes the prize from the Orson Welles version of 1948 and Roman Polanski’s splatter-movie adaptation of 1971.


3. Hamlet (1996)
Teachers and students of A-level English must annually give thanks to Branagh for a screen Hamlet that is unusually complete (justifying its four-hour length) and delivers narrative and language with immaculate classical clarity, not least in the director’s own handsome, haunted performance in the title role. Able to call in favours from all parts of the showbiz spectrum, Branagh casts actors you might expect (Derek Jacobi, Judi Dench) alongside many you wouldn’t: Jack Lemmon, Robin Williams, Ken Dodd. The great US novelist John Updike credited this film with inspiring his Elsinore-sequel novel, Gertrude and Claudius.


1. King Lear (1971)
The biggest loser from the stipulation that each play is represented only once is Akira Kurosawa, whose 1985 film Ran enthrallingly exported King Lear to the world of Japanese warlords. However, the clear victor in this category – and the whole competition – is Peter Brook’s magnificent black-and-white film adaptation of his 1962 RSC staging, with Paul Scofield as the king whose regime is ended by Daughtergate. Nine years closer to Lear’s likely real age than when he played the role on stage at 40, Scofield brings a musicality and depth of meaning to every line and also scores points between the words with scorched or scorching glances and grimaces. Fassbender, in the new Macbeth, looks to have learned from Scofield’s stillness and chilly diction.

Daemonologie. by King of England James I (1597)

King James's visit to Denmark, a country familiar with witch-hunts, may have encouraged an interest in the study of witchcraft,[35] which he considered a branch of theology......After his return to Scotland, he attended the North Berwick witch trials, the first major persecution of witches in Scotland under the Witchcraft Act 1563. Several people, most notably Agnes Sampson, were convicted of using witchcraft to send storms against James's ship. James became obsessed with the threat posed by witches and, inspired by his personal involvement, in 1597 wrote the Daemonologie, a tract which opposed the practice of witchcraft and which provided background material for Shakespeare's Tragedy of Macbeth. James personally supervised the torture of women accused of being witches.

Daemonologie — in full Daemonologie, In Forme of a Dialogue, Divided into three Bookes. By James &c. — was written and published in 1597[ by King James VI of Scotland (later also James I of England) as a philosophical dissertation on contemporary necromancy and the historical relationships between the various methods of divination used in ancient magical practices. It included a study on demonology and the methods demons used to trouble men. It was a political yet theological statement to educate a misinformed populace on the history, practices and implications of sorcery and the reasons for persecuting a witch in a Christian society under the rule of canonical law.


King James wrote a dissertation titled Daemonologie that was first sold in 1597, several years prior to the first publication of the King James Authorized Version| of the bible. Within 3 short books James wrote a dissertation in the form of a philosophical play, making arguments and comparisons between magic, sorcery and witchcraft but wrote also hisClassification of demons. In writing the book, King James was heavily influenced by his personal involvement in the North Berwick witch trials from 1590. In the year 1591, the news of the trials was narrated in a news pamphlet titled Newes from Scotland and was included as the final chapter of the novel. This book was one of the primary sources of Shakespeare in the production of Macbeth who attributed many quotes and rituals found within the book directly to the weird sisters. The book endorses the practice of witch hunting . James begins the book:
The fearefull aboundinge at this time in this countrie, of these detestable slaves of the Devil, the Witches or enchanters, hath moved me (beloved reader) to dispatch in post, this following treatise of mine (...) to resolve the doubting (...) both that such assaults of Satan are most certainly practised, and that the instrument thereof merits most severely to be punished.

This work acts as a political and theological dissertation in the form of a philosophical dialogue between the characters "Philomathes" and "Epistemon" who debate on the various topics of magic, sorcery, witchcraft and demonology. The purpose seems to be educational piece on the study of witchcraft and to inform the public about the histories and etymologies of all subcategories involved. In the Preface, King James states that he chose to write the content in the form of a dialogue to better entertain the reader. By doing so, he follows the method of many philosophical writers prior to his time. As the main plot, Philomathes hears news in the kingdom regarding the rumors of witchcraft which seems all miraculous and amazing but could find no one knowledgeable on the matter to have a serious political discussion on the issue. He finds a philosopher named Epistemon who is very knowledgeable on the topics of theology. The work is separated into three books based on the different arguments the philosophers discuss.


Book One

The description of Magic and the division of the various magical arts with a comparison between Necromancy and witchcraft and the methods used by each.

Book Two

The description Sorcery and its comparison with Witchcraft and includes chapters dedicated to the path of apprenticeship, curses and the roles of Satan.

Book Three

The third book is the conclusion of the whole Dialogue. Here, King James provides a description of all these kinds of Spirits that troubles men or women. His Classification of demons was not based on separate demonic entities with their names, ranks, or titles but rather categorized them based on 4 methods used by any given devil to cause mischief or torment on a living individual or a deceased corpse. He quotes previous authors who state that each devil has the ability to appear in diverse shapes or forms for varying arrays of purposes as well. In his description of them, he relates that demons are under the direct supervision of God and are unable to act without permission, further illustrating how demonic forces are used as a "Rod of Correction" when men stray from the will of God and may be commissioned by witches, or magicians to conduct acts of ill will against others but will ultimately only conduct works that will end in the further glorification of God despite their attempts to do otherwise.
  • Spectra: Used to describe spirits that trouble houses or solitary places
  • Obsession: Used to describe spirits that follow upon certain people to outwardly trouble them at various times of the day. Referencing Incubi and Succubae
  • Possession: Used to describe spirits that enter inwardly into a person to trouble them.
  • Faries:Used to describe illusionary spirits that prophesy, consort, and transport their servants.






The King James Bible


The King James Bible, is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England begun in 1604 AD and completed in 1611..... The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 Biblical apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament.

 In January 1604, James I convened the Hampton Court Conference, where a new English version was conceived in response to the problems of the earlier translations perceived by the Puritans, a faction of the Church of England. The translation is widely considered to be both beautiful and scholarly and thus a towering achievement in English literature.

King James I gave the translators instructions intended to ensure that the new version would conform to the ecclesiology and reflect the episcopal structure of the Church of England and its belief in an ordained clergy. The translation was done by 47 scholars, all of whom were members of the Church of England. In common with most other translations of the period, the New Testament was translated from Greek, the Old Testament from Hebrew and Aramaic, and the Apocrypha from Greek and Latin.....

William Tyndale (c. 1494–1536) was an English scholar who became a leading figure in Protestant reform in the years leading up to his execution. He is well known for his translation of the Bible into English. He was influenced by the work of Desiderius Erasmus, who made the Greek New Testament available in Europe, and by Martin Luther. While a number of partial translations had been made from the seventh century onward, the spread of Wycliffe's Bible resulted in a death sentence for any unlicensed possession of Scripture in English—even though translations in all other major European languages had been accomplished and made available....In 1535 Tyndale was arrested and jailed in the castle of Vilvoorde (Filford) outside Brussels for over a year. In 1536 he was convicted of heresy and executed by strangulation, after which his body was burnt at the stake. His dying prayer that the King of England's eyes would be opened seemed to find its fulfillment just two years later with Henry's authorization of the Great Bible for the Church of England—which was largely Tyndale's own work.


The current edition of the KJV is different from the original 1611 translation and several other early editions.  “The KJV Bible we use today is actually based primarily on the major revision completed in 1769 – 158 years after the first edition....The 1611 version, and all other editions of the KJV that were published for the next fifty years, contained the Apocrypha. Protestant Christians do not regard the apocryphal books as uniquely inspired and authoritative. The 1666 edition was the first edition of the KJV that did not include these extra books......

King James believed that a single ‘authorized version’ was a political and social necessity. He hoped this book would hold together the warring factions of the Church of England and the Puritans which threatened to tear apart both church and country. Most of the translators,however, were clergymen belonging to the Church of England, but at least some had Puritan sympathies.......King James issued over a dozen rules that the translators had to follow. King James disliked the Geneva Bible, the Bible used by the Puritans, because he believed that some of the commentary in the margin notes did not show enough respect for kings.[4] James’ new translation was to have no commentary in the margins......King James favoured the hierarchical structure of the Church of England and wanted the new translation to keep words that supported a bishop led hierarchy. In keeping with James’ preferred views on church government, he specified, “The old ecclesiastical words [are] to be kept; as the word church [is] not to be translated congregation.” (I personally believe that congregation is a better translation in some instances.) King James also ruled that only his new Bible could be read in England’s churches. The translation rules of King James can be found here. The political motives of King James had a direct influence on the translation of the KJV.......

The King James Version is an excellent translation, but I believe that many of the recent English translations to be better. I mostly read the New Testament in Greek, but the English Bibles I use, roughly in order of preference, are: the NIV (2011), the New American Standard Bible (NASB), the New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), and the King James Version (KJV).  Most of the other, better known English translations are fine too......It is most important that we read a Bible that we can understand. The New Testament was originally written in common, everyday Greek – a language that almost everyone in the Roman Empire (the world of the New Testament) could easily understand. We need modern English translations of the Bible that modern audiences can easily understand.....http://newlife.id.au/

King James & The Puritans

Under King James I of England, the Puritan movement co-existed with the conforming Church of England in what was generally an accepted form of episcopal Protestant religion. This equilibrium was disturbed towards the end of this period by several new developments, doctrinal from the Synod of Dort, political from the discussion of the Spanish Match shortly after the outbreak of the Thirty Years War, and internal to the Church with a partial shift of views away from Calvinism. Separatists who had never accepted King James's settlement of religious affairs began migrating to New England colonies, from the Netherlands as well as England....Elizabeth I died in March 1603; she was succeeded by James VI of Scotland, who had been King of Scots since the abdication of his mother, Mary, Queen of Scots,

The Puritans were a group of English Reformed Protestants who sought to "purify" the Church of England from all Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England was only partially reformed.......Puritanism in this sense was founded by some of the returning clergy exiled under Mary I shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1558 as an activist movement within the Church of England......In September 1620, a merchant ship called the Mayflower set sail from Plymouth, a port on the southern coast of England. Typically, the Mayflower’s cargo was wine and dry goods, but on this trip the ship carried passengers: 102 of them, all hoping to start a new life on the other side of the Atlantic. Nearly 40 of these passengers were Protestant Separatists–they called themselves “Saints”–who hoped to establish a new church in the New World. Today, we often refer to the colonists who crossed the Atlantic on the Mayflower as “Pilgrims.”......

King James & The Divine Right of Kings

King James  spoke about the divine right of kings....King James was a Christian, but he was not Roman Catholic.....King James is often vilified for his defense of the divine right of kings, but his point was right and valid--kings should be able to rule their own countries without having to bow to the dictates of a foreign power, in this case, specifically, the Pope of Rome. .....King James saw himself as the potential peacemaker of Europe, and his propaganda portrayed him as the modern Solomon. In religion the Church of England could provide a model middle ground, and in his view both Catholics and Protestants would be able to accept churches modeled after it.